, Michigan, USA
1835 - Conflict with Ohio (Toledo War) over border; Ohio granted lands around Toledo, Michigan received entire Upper Peninsula

The Toledo War, a boundary dispute between the states of Ohio and Michigan, erupted in 1835 over a 468-square-mile area known as the Toledo Strip. Both states claimed ownership of this land, which was located along the border between them. The conflict stemmed from unclear wording in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which established the borders of several future states, including Ohio and Michigan.

The dispute escalated to the point where both sides mobilized militias, but fortunately, no bloodshed occurred. Congress intervened by offering Michigan the western two-thirds of the Upper Peninsula in exchange for ceding the Toledo Strip to Ohio. In December 1836, Michigan accepted the deal, known as the Frostbitten Convention, in part because the state was in dire financial straits and the Upper Peninsula was believed to be largely worthless at the time. This resolution, while resolving the immediate conflict, had long-term consequences, as the Upper Peninsula later proved to be rich in copper and iron ore, becoming a valuable asset for Michigan.

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